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The science of kissing
How do you know if they're 'the one'? Just pucker up! Locking lips either magnetises us to the right mate or warns us of the wrong one. Naturopath Caroline Robertson explores the science of kissing - philematology.
Where did kissing come from?
From the ancient Kama Sutra to modern kissing couples – smooching seems to be an innate impulse. Anthropologists suggest it starts with our sucking reflex as breastfeeding babies, and from the practice of pre-chewing food and mouth feeding to offspring. Humans aren't alone in this lip-smacking ritual. Bonobo chimps can kiss for over 10 minutes, dogs lick faces, horses and cows rub their mouths on necks, birds tap beaks, fish kiss and even elephants poke their trunks in each other’s mouths.
The word kiss comes from the German term kuss echoeing, or ‘the action’. Though kissing is a popular practice in most places, there are some African countries that find it repugnant. Then there are variations, such as the Maori and Inuit style of nose nuzzling and sniffing. Kissing is intrinsic to mating rituals worldwide. But why would we want to exchange one billion bacteria through kissing over an average of 15 days in our lifetime? It turns out that kissing is much more than a token of affection, it’s more an emotional catalyst. Swapping spit unleashes a chemical cascade that can make us fall in love, and sustain our connection.
Love’s language
“A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous.” – Ingrid Bergman
‘First comes kissing then comes marriage then comes the baby in a baby carriage.’ So goes the nursery rhyme. In fairytales, a kiss can turn frogs to princes, mermaids to girls and revive sleeping beauties. In movies, we all wait for that cathartic kiss, enjoying the passion and connection sizzling on screen.
A kiss is not just a kiss. It can be the kiss of life or the kiss of death. A first kiss can form the foundation of an enduring attraction or confirm bad chemistry. More than just mouths mushing together, a kiss is the culmination of all our senses – sight, smell, sound, touch and taste. These kissing cues convey to us whether our DNA wants to date their DNA and make healthy babies. Women are attracted to men with very different DNA gauged by their gene’s histocompatibility complex (MHCs). This ensures that offspring with genetic diversity will be strong enough to survive diverse challenges. However, beware contraceptive pill poppers – you are attracted to men who have poor genetic compatibility. MHCs in our scent and saliva make sniffing and swapping spit a chemistry experiment. Trust your senses, because they can be smarter than your thoughts. Recall your past partners – could you sense synergy or static from the first kiss? Did you melt into them like warm dough or was there an acidic taste on your tongue that turned you off? Did you love having their taste and scent on you or did you shower and brush your teeth hastily?
Never underestimate the power of the pash. According to research at The University of Texas at Austin, 59 per cent of men and 66 per cent of women saying they ended a budding relationship because of a bad first kiss. Smooching skills can give a sneak preview of our sexual style. Some are like a soft, swirling symphony and others like a cat playing violin with their tongue…a definite turn-off for some. With a good kiss, our whole body leans in for more, feelings overwhelm us and time stands still. This sweet mouth meeting can be the “honeyed seal of soft affections, tenderest pledge of future bliss, dearest tie of young connections, love’s first snowdrop, virgin kiss”, as poet Robert Burns wrote.
Ecstatic essence
It’s hard to forget that first magical kiss. With my mate it wasn’t so much fireworks, more a warm welcome into his world. I was addicted from the start as I sunk into his soft marshmallow pillows, every pore wanting to press against him in a full body kiss.
Alfred Tennyson described it best in his
poem ‘Fatima’:
“O Love, O fire! Once he drew
With one long kiss, my whole soul thro’
My lips, as sunlight drinketh dew.”
Lips are one of the most nerve-rich and exposed erogenous zones. The gentlest brush can stimulate pleasurable sensations through the entire nervous system. Sucking the upper middle lip excites the clitoris, which is why some women orgasm from pashing. No wonder we get giddy from a passionate kiss. It increases blood to the brain, speeds our pulse, dilates blood vessels, causing flushing; contracts sexual muscles, dilates pupils, floods blood to swelling genitals and heightens the sense of touch, smell and taste.
Deep kissing involves up to 34 facial muscles, burns around 6.4 calories a minute and serves a cocktail of chemicals. With attraction, the alchemy of a duo’s fluids is likened to a fountain of youth in ancient India and China and called ‘nectar breathing’ by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. As tongues tussle, women receive aphrodisiac testosterone ambrosia from the male’s store, which may be why men prefer sloppier kisses. The smell of compatible pheromones drives our desire. The sight of each other getting aroused further arouses us. The contraction of our mouth, stimulation of nerves and saliva essence triggers a fountain of feel-good hormones. Research has shown that kissing couples have increased levels of endorphins, which give an addictive, happy high. Oxytocin bursts – a bonding love drug that makes us want to kiss forever. Kissing reduces the stress hormone cortisol – according to a study conducted by Wendy Hill, a neuroscience professor at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania – and the longer the couple’s relationship, the greater their decline in cortisol and less stress, according to the study. With sensual kisses, we’re washed in a blissful bath of dopamine, seratonin, adrenalin and phenylethylamine – all contributing to our love drunk state.
Kissing styles
The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, called a man’s kiss his signature. If you want to be a killer kisser, clean teeth, establish emotional rapport, wait for a quiet private moment, tune into the other person, start softly and slowly, and then climax into a crescendo of passion. Pause to stroke, whisper sweet nothings like “you’re such a good kisser”, “I love your lips”, “you’re so gorgeous”, “I never want to stop kissing you”. But talking too much can be a turn off, so add little ‘mms’ and ‘ahhs’ for encouragement. Try variety in your kiss such as gentle pecks around the lips, little bites, holding and kissing the face, neck or whole body, little sniffs, licks, sucking one then both lips, stroking a lip with your tongue, dipping your tongue in and out, shallow then deep, swirling tongues together, moving your head from left to right, stopping and smiling in their eyes. Soak up the sublime sensuality, for this could seal the beginning of a beautiful relationship. May you enjoy a lifetime of lovely kisses. As poet John Keats said: “Now a soft kiss – aye, by that kiss, I vow an endless bliss.”
For over 20 years, Caroline Robertson has practised and taught naturopathy, homoeopathy and Ayurveda. After kissing many frogs, she is happily settled with her prince in Far North Queensland. For a consultation, healing retreat or healing CD please visit carolinerobertson.com.au
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Part 3: The Proverb Worths 30 Domleoungs
Hearing that, the man replied:� It is not so difficult! First give me meal to eat and I will make one in time in the morning.� The millionaire, hearing out what the man had said, was very delighted, so he had a good meal prepared for the man to eat his fill and gave him enough wood to make the cart. The man made the cart with only his � Bantous � knife and finished it at that night. He painted the cart beautifully and in the morning he pulled it to the King, who saw it and ordered his servants to get things ready for the forest visit. As for the millionaire after being freed from death, he thought:� This man has rendered me a great deal of favors and I do not know what I should offer him in return, but I have only a daughter whom I should marry to that man in return for his invaluable help.� Then, he married his daughter to that man. On that night, when going to bed, the man wanted to test his wife�s heart, so he pretended to be so intoxicated that he soon fell asleep. When it was rather late at night, the man pretended to vomit and dirtied his wife all over. Seeing that, the millionaire�s daughter shouted on that night:� Father has married me to a drunkard! Now, he has vomited and dirtied me all over. I can not put up with him.� The millionaire, hearing his daughter�s cry, said:� Please go to sleep, my dear! Your husband is being drunk and moreover, he has also rendered me great favors.� The daughter did not listen to her father�s advice and said:� You had better marry me to a cat or a dog rather than to a drunkard. I can not stand him.�
In the next morning, the man got up and walked up to the millionaire to give his daughter back to him. He told the millionaire that he would not accept his daughter and that he did not touch her. The millionaire tried to apologize for his daughter�s improper behavior and told him to stay, but the man declined. The man then said goodbye to the millionaire and walked away, bringing along only his � Bantous � knife. When the King had come back from his forest visit, he ordered a servant to send for the person who had made the cart. He felt very sorry when the man could not be found. The King then ordered his dignitaries to send letters to all provinces to look for the man,. Yet, nowhere could the man be found. The King then stayed quiet.
As for the man, after saying goodbye to the millionaire, he kept walking till he reached another country. The King of
that country ordered his dignitaries to take turn in guarding the royal hall every night. The King always came out at night and chopped the guarding dignitary to death one after another since the first turn. Many dignitaries had been killed.
The day on which the man arrived coincided with the turn to be taken by Mr. the Chaovear ( title given by the King to a high-ranking dignitary ) to be chopped to death by the King that night. That Chaovear organized a funeral ceremony for himself on that day. The man, arriving at the Chaovear�s house, asked:� What is the matter with him? Why is he holding this ceremony? And why are his wife and children crying?� Someone told him that it was his turn to be chopped to death by the King that night. That was why he was holding a ceremony before he died. Then, the man said:� Give me a meal to eat and I will go to be chopped to death by the King instead.� Hearing that, Mr. the Chaovear ordered a servant to call the man to him and had a good meal prepared for him to eat and said:� If you go to be chopped to death by the King instead of me, I will organize a funeral ceremony for you. The man agreed and asked Mr. the Chaovear for his official clothes to wear and then walked away, carrying his � Bantous � knife on the shoulder, to the royal hall to sleep in wait for the King to come out to chop him to death. On that night, the man did not sleep. He waited for the King to come and chop him to death. When it was very late at night, the King opened the door to come out secretly with a sword in his hand. He approached the man and chopped him, but the man rushed to hug the King tightly and pierced him with his � Bantous � knife a few times, but he pretended to miss the King. He then said:� Who are you? How dare you come here at night? The King has ordered me to guard the pavilion tonight.� After having uttered such words, the man pierced the King another few times, but also pretended to miss him. Then, the King said:� It is me! It is me!.� � Who says it is me!� replied the man. The King said:� I am the King!� � Eh! If you are the King, why do you come here at this time of the night,� said the man, adding:� I do not know who you are because the King has ordered me to guard the royal hall tonight.�
After asking the King so insistently, the man knelt down and saluted the King by joining both hands and raised them up to ask for forgiveness. The King said:� Where do you live?� The man said:� I live in Mr. the Chaovear�s house.� The King smiled and walked back into the chamber.
In the morning, the man, carrying the knife on his shoulder, walked out of the palace and went back to Mr. the Chaovear�s house. Upon seeing him coming back, everyone doubted why the man, who had gone to sleep for the King to chop him to death, came back alive. Mr. the Chaovear asked the man about what had happened. The man told him everything and said, adding:� The present King is not so mean as he has wished to look for knowledgeable people in the country to protect him. This is why he had ordered dignitaries to take turn in guarding the pavilion, but those dignitaries went to sleep instead of doing guard duty, so the King sneaked to come out to chop them to death. What would happen if the enemy came to attack the King while we were sleeping?� Only after the man had told everything that everybody realized the truth.
Mr. the Chaovear had a daughter. He then married her to the man as he thought that the man had saved his life.
In the morning, the King sent for the man and appointed him to be a palace highest-ranking dignitary, the rank which was only one level lower than the King to protect the country.
When the King became very old and as he had no sons to succeed him except a daughter, he decided to marry his only daughter to the man and allowed the man to succeed him as the King.
� True Words May Keep You Alive �
Part 1: The Proverb Worth Thirty Damleoungs
Translated from Khmer by Chhim Chan Bora
Once upon a time there were two persons who were man and wife. The husband saw other people learn magic well, so he also wished to learn it. He took 30 Damleung, said goodbye to his wife and left.
He kept walking from one district to another. He would be told to go to see some people who had been said to have good magic powers. Those magicians would recite and demonstrate their magic powers for him to see, but he did not like them and kept walking till he met an old man.
The old man said:� Where are you going alone? What are you looking for?� The man said:� Oh! My dear old man! The reason why I have come here is because I have heard that there is a good magician here. If you know magical powers, please teach me.�
� I know three phrases of words which are worth thirty Damleung,� said the old man, adding:� If you strictly adhere to them you will benefit from them, and if you have to go on a long journey, you must recite my these three phrases of words. They are actually efficacious.�
The man said:� Please recite them for me! I will take them if I like them.� The old man then recited:� Moving your hands and your stomach will be filled; do not talk to a woman when you sleep at night and do not hurry to eat if you are hungry.� The man heard him out and liked the three phrases of words, so he gave 30 Damleung to the old man.
He recited the phrases fluently and remembered them all well. The old man said:� If you can stick to these three phrases of words well, I will give them to you free of charge.� Thus, he gave back the money to the man. The man then said goodbye to the old man and came back home. The man kept reciting the phrases as he was walking on the way.
When he was walking a little farther, he saw a business sailing ship. He asked the captain of the ship for a free ride and the captain agreed. The man kept reciting the three phrases and helped wash, maintain and repair the sailing ship as if it were his. The captain thought:� Since he has got a ride in my ship, he has cleaned and maintained the ship as though it were his.� Therefore, the captain liked the man so much that he always had meals prepared for him everyday.
As for the man, he was not in the least lazy. He tried to work hard just like other crew members. The captain bore in mind that:� When arriving at the homeland, I will give him some wealth to do business.� When the ship sailed to the central part of a district, they saw a temple in which large amounts of food and drinks had been prepared for an ogre to eat and drink.
When arriving at the temple, all the crew members anchored the ship and disembarked. They then saw those food and drinks and there was nobody there, so they helped themselves to those food and drinks till they got so intoxicated that they fell asleep in the temple altogether except the man who kept reciting:� Moving your hands and your stomach will be filled; do not talk to a woman when you sleep at night and do not eat yet although you are hungry.� He thought:� There must be something unusual that people have prepared all these food and drinks here. Now that these crew members have eaten and drunk them all, they must be in danger.� The man, thinking things over, dared not to eat and drink and he climbed up the wooden crossbar of the temple and hid himself there to wait and see what would happen.
At noon, the ogre came flying and became furious:� How dare these people eat up and drink all the food and drinks prepared for me and sleep here.� After uttering those words, the ogre threw up his magic cudgel to kill all those sleeping people. The magic cudgel then flew back to the ogre itself. The ogre eat all those people and looked hither and thither. The man, seeing the ogre, was very frightened, but his mouth kept memorizing the three phrases and thought:� I�m afraid that the ogre might hear me if I shout. Then, he will see me and eat me like those people.� Thinking that, he jumped off the wooden crossbar and shouted with all his might. The ogre got so panicked that he ran away quickly, leaving behind his magic cudgel. The man picked up the magic cudgel and walked back to his home village, leaving behind the sailing ship at that temple�s port.
The man reached his home at night. He hid the magic cudgel under the ladder of the house, covered it with a big piece of stone and then climbed up the house. His wife asked him something, but he said:� I�ll tell you in the morning.�
Continued next page
The Proverb Worths 30 Domleoungs (part 2)
| On that day, the funeral ceremony being organized by the millionaire coincided with the man�s arrival. Upon seeing the ceremony, the man walked up to someone and asked:� What kind of ceremony are you organizing with such a coffin?� He said:� The King has ordered a beautiful cart made in time for his visit to the forest in the morning, or the King will have the millionaire executed. Now, the millionaire is aware that he can not have such a nice cart made in such a short time, so he has a coffin made and his own funeral ceremony organized instead.� Hearing that, the man replied:� It is not so difficult! First give me meal to eat and I will make one in time in the morning.� The millionaire, hearing out what the man had said, was very delighted, so he had a good meal prepared for the man to eat his fill and gave him enough wood to make the cart. The man made the cart with only his � Bantous � knife and finished it at that night. He painted the cart beautifully and in the morning he pulled it to the King, who saw it and ordered his servants to get things ready for the forest visit. As for the millionaire after being freed from death, he thought:� This man has rendered me a great deal of favors and I do not know what I should offer him in return, but I have only a daughter whom I should marry to that man in return for his invaluable help.� Then, he married his daughter to that man. On that night, when going to bed, the man wanted to test his wife�s heart, so he pretended to be so intoxicated that he soon fell asleep. When it was rather late at night, the man pretended to vomit and dirtied his wife all over. Seeing that, the millionaire�s daughter shouted on that night:� Father has married me to a drunkard! Now, he has vomited and dirtied me all over. I can not put up with him.� The millionaire, hearing his daughter�s cry, said:� Please go to sleep, my dear! Your husband is being drunk and moreover, he has also rendered me great favors.� The daughter did not listen to her father�s advice and said:� You had better marry me to a cat or a dog rather than to a drunkard. I can not stand him.� In the next morning, the man got up and walked up to the millionaire to give his daughter back to him. He told the millionaire that he would not accept his daughter and that he did not touch her. The millionaire tried to apologize for his daughter�s improper behavior and told him to stay, but the man declined. The man then said goodbye to the millionaire and walked away, bringing along only his � Bantous � knife. When the King had come back from his forest visit, he ordered a servant to send for the person who had made the cart. He felt very sorry when the man could not be found. The King then ordered his dignitaries to send letters to all provinces to look for the man,. Yet, nowhere could the man be found. The King then stayed quiet. As for the man, after saying goodbye to the millionaire, he kept walking till he reached another country. The King of that country ordered his dignitaries to take turn in guarding the royal hall every night. The King always came out at night and chopped the guarding dignitary to death one after another since the first turn. Many dignitaries had been killed. The day on which the man arrived coincided with the turn to be taken by Mr. the Chaovear ( title given by the King to a high-ranking dignitary ) to be chopped to death by the King that night. That Chaovear organized a funeral ceremony for himself on that day. The man, arriving at the Chaovear�s house, asked:� What is the matter with him? Why is he holding this ceremony? And why are his wife and children crying?� Someone told him that it was his turn to be chopped to death by the King that night. That was why he was holding a ceremony before he died. Then, the man said:� Give me a meal to eat and I will go to be chopped to death by the King instead.� Hearing that, Mr. the Chaovear ordered a servant to call the man to him and had a good meal prepared for him to eat and said:� If you go to be chopped to death by the King instead of me, I will organize a funeral ceremony for you. The man agreed and asked Mr. the Chaovear for his official clothes to wear and then walked away, carrying his � Bantous � knife on the shoulder, to the royal hall to sleep in wait for the King to come out to chop him to death. On that night, the man did not sleep. He waited for the King to come and chop him to death. When it was very late at night, the King opened the door to come out secretly with a sword in his hand. He approached the man and chopped him, but the man rushed to hug the King tightly and pierced him with his � Bantous � knife a few times, but he pretended to miss the King. He then said:� Who are you? How dare you come here at night? The King has ordered me to guard the pavilion tonight.� After having uttered such words, the man pierced the King another few times, but also pretended to miss him. Then, the King said:� It is me! It is me!.� � Who says it is me!� replied the man. The King said:� I am the King!� � Eh! If you are the King, why do you come here at this time of the night,� said the man, adding:� I do not know who you are because the King has ordered me to guard the royal hall tonight.� After asking the King so insistently, the man knelt down and saluted the King by joining both hands and raised them up to ask for forgiveness. The King said:� Where do you live?� The man said:� I live in Mr. the Chaovear�s house.� The King smiled and walked back into the chamber. In the morning, the man, carrying the knife on his shoulder, walked out of the palace and went back to Mr. the Chaovear�s house. Upon seeing him coming back, everyone doubted why the man, who had gone to sleep for the King to chop him to death, came back alive. Mr. the Chaovear asked the man about what had happened. The man told him everything and said, adding:� The present King is not so mean as he has wished to look for knowledgeable people in the country to protect him. This is why he had ordered dignitaries to take turn in guarding the pavilion, but those dignitaries went to sleep instead of doing guard duty, so the King sneaked to come out to chop them to death. What would happen if the enemy came to attack the King while we were sleeping?� Only after the man had told everything that everybody realized the truth. Mr. the Chaovear had a daughter. He then married her to the man as he thought that the man had saved his life. In the morning, the King sent for the man and appointed him to be a palace highest-ranking dignitary, the rank which was only one level lower than the King to protect the country. When the King became very old and as he had no sons to succeed him except a daughter, he decided to marry his only daughter to the man and allowed the man to succeed him as the King. � True Words May Keep You Alive � |
The Gossipy Man
Translated from Khmer by Chhim Chan Bora
Once upon the time, there lived a man named Ream. He was the door-keeper of a millionaire. People who wished to see or to contact the millionaire always had to ask Ream first to know whether the millionaire was at home or not, or whether they could or could not see the millionaire. People could go to see the millionaire only after having received Ream�s permission. Before allowing a person to see the millionaire, Ream always asked the person about his/her name, whereabouts and intentions.
Ream was the only person who was loved most by the millionaire. One day, the millionaire secretly told Ream : �You must be responsible for everything for me, including overseeing the slave workers and the care-taker of the warehouse to make sure that they work hard and sincerely for me or not. From today on, I assign you as both my spy and my door-keeper. I�ll double your salary.�
Ream was a talkative man and never hid any secret. He always told other people of what he should have kept secret. Therefore, he told his wife and friends about the millionaire assigning him as the spy.
His wife was very glad. She whispered the secret to her friends and her friends whispered that secret to their husbands and friends and so on. The secret was soon widely known. The millionaire�s slave workers and care-taker of the warehouse on learning that Ream was the millionaire�s spy tried to incite the millionaire to dismiss Ream from his employment.
After he had been fired by the millionaire, Ream felt very depressed and stayed at home doing nothing. He sold all his properties and house to get money to buy food until nothing was left to him. Ream became very poor and homeless. He then went to live with one of his friends. As for his wife, she also divorced him and married another man.
Knowing that, the millionaire asked Ream to come back to live with him again as a house cleaner.
One day, there were a ship�s three businessmen bringing a precious diamond to sell to the millionaire. The three businessmen honestly told the millionaire : �We bought this diamond from the chief of the royal treasury, who had stolen it and sold it to me. We had this diamond cut in a different shape so that it could not be recognized as belonging to the king.� The millionaire asked those businessmen to clarify the exact shape of that diamond to make sure that it was really so different from the original shape that no one could recognize it. Therefore, he bought it. At that time, Ream was also wiping the furniture nearby and he heard all what the businessmen had said.
Three days later, there was an art festival organized in the city. Ream asked the millionaire for permission to go to see it with a friend. While watching a performance, Ream recollected the diamond businessmen. Then, he gave his friend a full account of the story. Coincidentally, the three businessmen were also there watching the performance and overheard everything. They thought that if they let Ream and his friend live longer, their secret would be revealed. After the festival had been over, the three businessmen went to hide themselves at a quiet place. When Ream and his friend walked to that place, the three businessmen came out and killed them.
The Golden Fish
Again he threw the net but there was no difference. On the third time, when he dragged out the net, he found in it a fish of golden color and because of this he called it " The golden-fish. " " Have pity on me, good old man. " said the golden fish, " put me into the sea. I'll offer you something valuable. "
The old man was surprised at the fish's words. He did never see any fish that could speak like a man. Now he saw this strange fish which could speak the human language. So he lifted it up carefully and said " May god be with you, Oh golden fish, I want to have nothing from you. "
On saying this, he threw the golden fish back into the water with the words, " Swim away with joy! " On that day, the old man had nothing for his wife. He went back to his cottage and told his wife of all that had happened.
" How foolish! " exclaimed the old woman, " Why didn't you beg something from it? Our two water pots are very old, why didn't you ask it to give us new ones? " The old man said nothing. He just went back to the sea and called out very loudly, " Oh golden fish! I come to meet you. "
He called out and at last the golden fish came to him " What do you want from me, good old man? " asked the fish. " My wife is very angry with me, now she asks me to come here for a pair of new water pots from you. " said the old man. " Do not get worried, good old man. " said the golden fish, " God will give you a new pair of water posts, go back to your house, please. "
Saying this, the fish was out of sight, and the old man returned to his cottage. He saw a new pair of water pots in his house, but the old woman was still unhappy. She was a bad-tempered woman. She therefore said to him angrily " What a stupid man you are! What's the use of these wooden pots? " And she went on, " Go to the fish again and ask for a house, because our house is too old to live in. "
The old man had nothing to reply. He went wearily back to the sea. This time the water of the sea became rather dirty. As before, he called out again and again until at last the fish came to him and said " What's the matter with you, good old man? "
" My wife is still angry with me. " said the old man " and now she forces me to ask for a house. " " Don't trouble yourself! " said the golden fish " Return to your house, god will give you what you want. "
The old man was very happy. He went back to his house. There he saw no cottage but a large building instead. In it, there were many rooms. It was a building made with bricks, surrounded by tall tree and a lawn and a park. The old woman was sitting near a window.
From that window, she looked at the old man who was wearily approaching the building " You, the dirty beast, " she said to the old man when he came near, " why did you ask for such a bad building? Go back to the fish again and ask it to change me into a charming young rich lady! "
Again the poor old man could not refuse. He moved back to the fish. This time the water turned dirtier. The fish came to him and asked " what is the matter with you, good old man? " " Pardon me please, " said the old man, " my wife wants to be a charming young rich lady. " " Never mind, good old man. " said the golden fish, " God will make her a charming and rich young lady, just go back to your house with joy! "
As the old man arrived at his house, he saw that a palace arose at the site of the building. In the inner room, he could see his wife who was now young in fine and costly clothes sitting in the middle of servants. On her fingers she wore rings adorned with diamonds. Her shoes were shining.
The old man approaching her said, " Good morning lady, are you now satisfies with these things? " But the young rich lady frowned and shouted at him, " Go to work in the stable, do not come here " and the old man went to the stable.
Two weeks later, the young rich lady had a new desire, she again said to the old man " My dear " she began, " go to the golden fish again and ask it to change me into a powerful queen "
Being afraid, the old man said to her respectfully " Do not want to be so, please, you are from a humble family, why do you want to get such a high position? Are you not ashamed of villagers? Limit your desire, my lady! "
But the cruel young lady became more angry. She thundered " Who are you? Don't you know that I am now a rich woman? " And she ordered him, " Go at once to the fish, otherwise I shall use my power! "
The poor old man fearing his wife returned to the sea. This time the water turned dark and the golden fish, " God will help her. " On that very moment, the young rough lady became a queen. A splendid palace with all kinds of pomp and amusement was in her possession.
" Are you now happy with your high position? " asked the old man. But the young cruel queen did not give him even a look. Ten minutes later, he was driven away by servants. Some of them said unkindly to him " You deserve this for your behavior, you have to know that you and our queen are not equal in position. "
The old man ran away. But after two weeks, the queen had another new desire. She asked one of her servant to look for the old man. Then the old man was brought in front of of the queen who said to him " My dear, go to the golden fish again and ask it to change me into the queen of the sea so that I can be a mistress of the golden fish itself. "
The old man did not deny her command. He went to the sea and called the fish. This time the sea was in great waves. The storm was going on. The water became very dark. After some time, the golden fish approached him. And the old man told it what his wife had asked him to say. On hearing that, the golden fish uttered no word. It turned away with its head down into the sea.
The old man waited for it. He waited and waited, but he saw no fish coming back to him. Finally he returned to his wife. But alas! There he saw no palace no queen and no servant, he saw his old cottage with a pair of broken water post under it. And he saw also his own poor old wife sitting near them.
The Crocodile and the carter
An old man riding in his bullock cart came along the lonely road and discovered the crocodile. Being tried by that time, the crocodile said to the carter " May I go with you in your cart, grand father? " " Where do you want to go? " asked the carter " I look for a pond where the water is abundant. " replied the crocodile " Would you mind carrying me to such a pond? " The carter said " Well, I'll gladly carry you in my cart. "
Then the carter freeing his oxen from the yoke said to the crocodile " Crawl up this front frame of the cart! " But as the crocodile was not sure that its slippery body would not fall down from the front frame he said " Please fasten me to the frame strongly so that I might not slide down. " And so did the carter.
When this was done the carter started. After some-time he saw a pond full of water and stopped his oxen and after untying the crocodile, he said " Now, you have a good pond, go and live here happily! " But the crocodile instead of thanking the man accused him, saying " I have suffered a great deal from your tight bond, so I have to eat one of your oxen! " And it also added " If you refuse this, I take instead of this your head. "
Being frightened, the carter said " It is strange, I have brought you here to find out a good pond. Why do you speak like this? " And he went on saying " Indeed, I am innocent and I think I am not to be eaten and our case should be judged by someone. " " Find out a judge if you please! " said the crocodile.
The carter being depressed in mind went about to find out a judge who would solve the question. Roaming about here and these with some ripe bananas in his hand, the carter met a rabbit near a small hill. And the rabbit said to him from a distance " Hey old man, why do you look so piteous? "
The carter went near the rabbit and told it what had happened to him unexpectedly. Indifferently the rabbit said " Never mind, old man! I shall help you, but first, give me your bananas! " The carter gave it the bananas. And the rabbit ate them up till it was satisfied.
Then they two stared for the spot where the old man had been accused. There, they saw the crocodile waiting for them. Just then the rabbit said " Oh crocodile! What's going on? I heard you had once lost the direction and you had been brought here to find the pond by this old man, why are you so rude and ungrateful that you claim to eat him? "
"Certainly, " replied the crocodile " he is kind to me, but his kindness hurts me even now, he bound me so tightly that I nearly lost my breath, I there for asked him to give me to eat only an ox! " And the rabbit turned to the old man said " Oh good old man, are the crocodile's words true? "
Shaking his head, the man replied " No, I did not bind it so tightly as it has said, I tied it just to make it impossible for it to slide down. " When the rabbit got such different answers, it said " Since each one of you has no eye-witness, you the crocodile have again to climb up the front frame of the cart! "
And so did the foolish crocodile. The rabbit went on saying
" And you the carter tie it as tightly as you have done! " And so did the carter. When this was done, the rabbit asked " Was it as tight as this, crocodile? " " Oh no, it was not like this. " answered the crocodile.
"Tighten it a little more! " the rabbit said to the carter. And so he did. " Was it as tight as this? " the rabbit asked again. " No, why should I be angry if it was as tight as this? " it said. As it was impossible to tighten with hands, the rabbit said to the carter " Go, old man, to look for a stick so that we can make a tourniquet. "
When a stick was brought, a device being made with the stick, the carter tightened the crocodile's bond with the front frame of the cart so much it became difficult for it to move any more. The rabbit asked the crocodile again " Was it as tight as this? " "Yes it was! " uttered the crocodile with difficulty.
" Stick! " commanded the rabbit " What's the use of stick, old man? Send it to yama! " But instead of stick, the carter brought out his exe and chopped the ungrateful crocodile into pieces and then thanking the rabbit for its help returned home in peace.
Moni Mekhala and Ream Eyso (The Goddess And The Giant)
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There is a Cambodian legend that, once, a long time ago, there lived a goddess and a giant who were studying with the same teacher. A wise and powerful hermit who lived deep in the forest, the teacher possessed a magic ball, which he wanted to present to one of his devoted students. However, it was difficult for him to judge which of his star pupils, the goddess Moni Mekhala or the giant Ream Eyso, both of whom were just completing their studies with him, was more deserving of the ball. He decided to offer his pupils a challenge: The two were told to collect the morning dew. The first of them to present the hermit with a glassful of this liquid would be the winner. And the winner would receive the magic ball.
Ream Eyso, the giant, had a clever idea which he thought would surely bring him the honor of the best student. Early the next morning, Ream Eyso gathered as many leaves as he could, and one-by-one, let the droplets of dew slide from each leaf into his glass.
Moni Mekhala approached her task differently. She spread a handkerchief on the grass and left it there overnight. By morning the handkerchief was damp, and it took just a moment to squeeze the dew out of the cloth and into the glass. She arrived to present her full cup of dew to her teacher before the giant did. As a reward for her ingenuity, the hermit bestowed upon Moni Mekhala a glittering ball. Ream Eyso received a magic ax as a consolation prize.
But instead of being the end of an isolated contest, this was just the beginning of an eternal struggle for the small ball that Mekhala now carried was very powerful, much more so than the ax that Ream Eyso wielded. The giant was jealous. He had to have that ball!
Ream Eyso stalked Moni Mekhala. He taunted her and threatened her. He crept up behind her and tried to grab the object of his desire. He even flirted with the goddess. But the goddess was not at all bothered. Indeed, she was aware of all of his tricks and teased him in return. In desperation and anger, Ream Eyso flung his ax at Mekhala, barely missing her. Moni Mekhala finally tossed the ball into the air, creating a bolt of lightning that blinded the giant. Down he fell, defeated, as Moni Mekhala gently flew away. But moments later, wiping the sweat off his brow, the giant regained his composure and stood up. Realizing that his foe had escaped he pranced around in fury and disappeared into the sky.
In this tale we find the origin of thunder and lightning. Ream Eyso's ax flying toward the goddess creates the thunder. And Mekhala's sparkling ball lights up the heavens. Together they bring rain, the symbol of renewed life as it imparts fertility to Cambodia's farmlands.
The confrontation between the giant and the goddess reoccurs every year, around the time of the Cambodian New Year in mid-April. This is the height of the dry hot season, just before monsoon rains wash away the dust and bring nourishment to the fields. When Cambodians see dark clouds forming in the sky, they know that Ream Eyso and Moni Mekhala will soon be engaging in their eternal battle, and the rice fields will soon be flooded. They also know that the giant will be vanquished, but only temporarily. Sooner or later he will reappear.
This legend has been enacted for centuries at least once a year as part of a sacred ceremony known as the "buong suong." Held under royal patronage, buong suong is a way to ask the deities for blessings in exchange for offerings of elaborately presented fruits, meats and other foods, incense, flowers, and most importantly, sacred music and dance. Swathed in velvet and brocade, with a golden tiara or fearsome mask on their heads and delicate flowers over their ears, the dancers personifying Moni Mekhala and Ream Eyso recreate this most essential of battles. In reenacting this legend, the dancers serve as messengers between the king and the gods, asking for fertility of the land and well-being for the people.
The classical dance of Cambodia has a long history interwoven with that of religions and kings and, more recently, modern nation states. The dancers, whose poses of extraordinary suppleness and flexibility are immortalized in stone carvings that grace the walls of the 12th-century temple complex of Angkor Wat, have variously been messengers between the royalty and the gods, symbols of the independent country of Cambodia and entertainers. In all these guises they have remained vehicles for the maintenance and passing on of tradition. Just like Moni Mekhala who guards something so precious and potent (her sparkling ball), the dancers have been granted possession by their spiritual teacher of a priceless jewel: the dance.
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